如何在Windows PC上安装Ubuntu：逐步指南

Kuyika Ubuntu pa kompyuta ya Windows sikusiyana ndi kuyambitsa pawiri makina aliwonse opangira. M’malo mwake, ndiyosavuta kuposa ambiri, chifukwa Ubuntu idapangidwa kuti ikhale imodzi mwazowongoka kwambiri pakugawa kwa Linux, ndipo ikuwonetsa. Ndi imodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za distro kunja uko, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nkhokwe za Linux zikhale zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito – ngakhale kukulolani kutsitsa mapulogalamu mwachindunji kuchokera ku Google Play Store kapena Apple App Store. Ndi ufulu kwathunthu.

Pali mitundu itatu yoyikapo yomwe mungasankhe, chifukwa chake muyenera kudziwa momwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito Ubuntu. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mkati mwa makina a Windows, kapena mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a Bash mwachindunji kuchokera pa Windows. Koma izo ndi za zochitika zapadera kwambiri. Pazolinga zathu, tikuganiza kuti mukufuna kutsitsa Ubuntu watsopano pakompyuta yanu kuti mugwiritse ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Umu ndi momwe mungachitire zimenezo.

Sungani deta yanu

Musanachite chilichonse chachikulu pa PC yanu, nthawi zonse muyenera kusunga deta yanu yofunika kwambiri. Izi zitha kutanthauza kungotsimikizira kuti mayankho anu omwe alipo akugwira ntchito moyenera ndikusunga zonse zamtengo wapatali zosungidwa bwino, kapena kungatanthauze kupanga zosunga zobwezeretsera pamanja pagalimoto yakunja.

Komabe mumasankha kusunga deta yanu, onetsetsani kuti zachitika musanayambe kukhazikitsa Ubuntu pa Windows PC yanu.

Kumanani ndi Ubuntu

Linux distro yotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi idapangidwa ndi Canonical, kampani yaku South Africa. Ngakhale Ubuntu ndi yaulere kukhazikitsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwa anthu payekhapayekha, mabungwe amatha kulipira chithandizo komanso zinthu zina zambiri zochokera ku Ubuntu, monga mapulogalamu a seva.

Ubuntu amalandira zosintha pafupipafupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndikukonzanso kwakukulu zaka ziwiri zilizonse. Zowonjezera izi, zotchedwa LTS (zothandizira kwanthawi yayitali), zimabweretsa mitundu yatsopano ya Ubuntu ndipo nthawi zambiri ndi dzina lanyama lopusa. Mwachitsanzo, LTS yaposachedwa ndi Ubuntu 22.04 “Jammy Jellyfish.” Idatulutsidwa mchaka cha 2024, kotero payenera kukhala zosintha zina zazikulu za LTS mu 2024.

Pakhala zotulutsidwa zazing’ono, kwakanthawi kuyambira pamenepo, kuphatikiza 23.04 Lunar Lobster, ndi 23.10 Mantic Minotaur.

Ubuntu amagwiritsa ntchito chilengedwe cha desktop cha GNOME, chomwe ndi mawonekedwe omwe mumawona mukamagwiritsa ntchito Ubuntu. GNOME imapangitsa kuti pakompyuta ikhale yoyera komanso yopanda zinthu zambiri ndipo imakulolani kuti mutsegule mapulogalamu pongodina chizindikiro m’malo molowetsa nambala mu terminal. GNOME imakupatsirani chogwirizira chofanana ndi Mac pamwamba pa zenera lanu pomwe mutha kuwona tsiku ndi nthawi, kupeza mafayilo amtundu wa pulogalamu ndi zosankha, ndikugwiritsa ntchito zina zothandiza.

Komabe, ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi nerdy kwambiri, mutha. Kupatula apo, Ubuntu ndi Linux distro, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti terminal sikhala patali kwambiri. Izi zidzakulolani kuti musinthe makonda ndikutsegula mphamvu zonse za Linux. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito terminal kuti musinthe mulu wa zithunzi kukhala ma PDF nthawi imodzi, kapena mutha kupanga zolemba zamafayilo zomwe zili mkati mwadongosolo.

Kaya mukufuna kulowa mozama mukugwiritsa ntchito Linux kuti muwongolere kwambiri machitidwe, kapena kungofuna kuwona zomwe masewera a Linux akunena, Ubuntu akadali distro yabwino kwambiri poyambira. Ngakhale kwa masewera.

Tsitsani Ubuntu

Gawo loyamba pakuyika Ubuntu ndikutsitsa Ubuntu. Imabwera ngati chithunzi chimodzi cha ISO ndipo ndi 2GB kukula kwake.

Gawo 1: Pitani ku Tsamba la desktop la Ubuntu pa msakatuli wanu womwe mumakonda.

Gawo 2: Sankhani Tsitsani.

Gawo 3: Mupeza ISO yotsitsidwa mufoda yanu yotsitsa.

Pangani ndodo yanu ya USB

Mukatsitsa Ubuntu ku kompyuta yanu, muyenera kupanga ndodo ya USB yamoyo. Izi ndi zomwe kompyuta yanu idzagwiritse ntchito kukhazikitsa ndikuyendetsa Ubuntu nthawi yoyamba kuzungulira.

Mufunika kukhazikitsa pulogalamu yaulere ya chipani chachitatu ya USB kuti muchite izi, koma musadandaule, izi ndizinthu zazing’ono ndipo ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Mutha kuzichotsa pambuyo pake ngati simukufuna kuzisunga.

Mulibe choyendetsa cha USB? Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito galimoto iliyonse kunja kwa njirayi, inunso. Ingodziwani musanayipange kuti mungafune kusungitsa deta yomwe ilipo pagalimoto ngati ndikofunikira.

Gawo 1: Koperani ndi kukhazikitsa Rufus.

Gawo 2: Yambitsani Rufus ikangoyikidwa.

Gawo 3: Sankhani USB drive yanu kuchokera ku Chipangizo menyu ngati sichinakhazikike.

Gawo 4: Sankhani Sankhanikumanja kwa menyu ya Boot Selection

Gawo 5: Sankhani fayilo ya Ubuntu ISO yomwe mudatsitsa.

Gawo 6: Menyu ya Volume Label isintha kuti iwonetse mtundu wanu wa Ubuntu. Siyani makonda ena momwe alili.

Gawo 7: Sankhani Yambani.

Gawo 8: Dikirani pomwe Rufus akulemba Ubuntu ISO ku USB yanu. Mutha kuwona kupita patsogolo mu kapamwamba kapamwamba pansi. Iyenera kutenga mphindi 10 kapena kuchepera.

Gawo 9: USB yanu imakhala yokonzeka pomwe Status bar ili yobiriwira ndikuwonetsa “Okonzeka.”

Sinthani OS yanu ndi Ubuntu

Kenako, muyika Ubuntu pa kompyuta kapena laputopu yomwe mwasankha. Mutha kusankha kugawa hard drive yanu ndi awiri-boot Ubuntu kapena kulemberatu makina anu ogwiritsira ntchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito Ubuntu kokha.

Gawo 1: Lowetsani choyendetsa chala cha USB ndi Ubuntu ISO yanu yamoyo mu kompyuta.

Gawo 2: Yambitsaninso chipangizocho.

Kompyutayo iyenera kuzindikira chala chachikulu cha USB ndikuyambiranso kuchokera pamenepo. Komabe, ngati izi sizichitika, muyenera kuyambitsa kompyuta yanu.

Ndi choyendetsa chala chachikulu chayikidwa, yambitsaninso kompyuta yanu. Kenako gwirani pansi F12 poyambira ndikusankha chipangizo chanu cha USB kuchokera pa Chipangizo menyu.

Gawo 3: Sankhani Ikani Ubuntu.

Mutha kuyesa-kuyendetsa Ubuntu molunjika kuchokera ku USB. Komabe, uwu ndi mtundu wochepera wa Ubuntu ndipo supulumutsa chilichonse.

Gawo 4: Sankhani chinenero chanu, ndipo sankhani Pitirizani.

Gawo 5: Sankhani khwekhwe loikamo lomwe mukufuna.

Timalimbikitsa kusankha Kuyika kwachizolowezi pokhapokha ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito kompyuta yochepa kwambiri.

Sankhani Tsitsani zosintha mukakhazikitsa Ubuntu ndi Ikani mapulogalamu a chipani chachitatu pazithunzi ndi zida za Wi-Fi ndi makanema owonjezera.

Sankhani Pitirizani.

Gawo 6: Menyu ya Mtundu Woyika imakulolani kuti musankhe pakati pa kubwereza dongosolo lanu lamakono ndi Ubuntu ndi awiri-booting Ubuntu kuchokera pagalimoto yogawa.

Sankhani Chotsani disk ndikuyika Ubuntuotsatidwa ndi Ikani Tsopano.

Gawo 7: Sankhani malo anu.

Press Pitirizani.

Gawo 8: Lowetsani zambiri zanu. Onjezani dzina lanu, dzina la kompyuta yanu (pangani izi), ndikusankha dzina lolowera. Mufunikanso kupanga mawu achinsinsi olowera ku Ubuntu ndi mautumiki ena a Ubuntu. Khalani otetezeka koma osavuta kukumbukira.

Mutha kusankha kulowa mu kompyuta yanu zokha kapena kufunsa mawu achinsinsi nthawi iliyonse mukamagwiritsa ntchito. Musanyalanyaze njira ya Use Active Directory pakadali pano.

Sankhani Pitirizani.

Gawo 9: Ubuntu tsopano amaliza kukhazikitsa.

Gawo 10: Sankhani Yambitsaninso tsopano unsembe ukatha.

Gawo 11: Zabwino zonse! Mwangoyikapo Ubuntu!

Ikani Ubuntu pamodzi ndi makina anu ogwiritsira ntchito

Ngati simukufuna kufufutiratu OS yanu yamakono, ikhale Windows, Mac OS, kapena Linux distro, muyenera kuyika Ubuntu pagalimoto yogawa. Mwamwayi, okhazikitsa Ubuntu amapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kuchita izi.

Poyamba, muyenera kudutsa masitepe 1 mpaka 6 mu gawo la “Bwezerani OS ndi Ubuntu” pamwambapa. Komabe, mukafika pamenyu ya Mtundu Woyika, mutha kudumphira mpaka pano ndipo tikudutsani zina zonse.

Gawo 1: Kuchokera ku Mtundu woyika menyu, sankhani Chinachake ndi dinani Ikani tsopano.

Gawo 2: Sankhani Tebulo latsopano logawa pazenera lotsatira.

Gawo 3: Sankhani Pitirizani pa pop-up.

Gawo 4: Dinani kawiri Malo aulere kupanga gawo latsopano.

Zenera latsopano logawa lidzawonekera.

Gawo 5: Mu Pangani magawo menyu, ikani kukula kwake 1024MB.

Khazikitsani mtundu wa magawo atsopano Pulayimale.

Khazikitsani malo a magawo atsopano Chiyambi cha danga ili.

Mu Gwiritsani ntchito ngati menyu, sankhani Ext4 Journaling file system.

Mu Mount point menyu, sankhani /boot.

Sankhani Chabwino.

Gawo 6: Dinani kawiri Malo aulere kupanga gawo la nyumba.

Siyani malo aulere momwe alili.

Khazikitsani mtundu wa magawo atsopano Pulayimale.

Khazikitsani malo a magawo atsopano Chiyambi cha danga ili.

Mu Gwiritsani ntchito ngati menyu, sankhani XFS journaling file system.

Mu Mount point menyu, sankhani /kunyumba.

Sankhani Chabwino.

Gawo 7: Dinani kawiri Malo aulere kupanga mizu file system.

Khazikitsani mtundu wa magawo atsopano Pulayimale.

Khazikitsani malo a magawo atsopano Chiyambi cha danga ili.

Mu Gwiritsani ntchito ngati menyu, sankhani XFS journaling file system.

Mu Mount point menyu, sankhani /.

Sankhani Chabwino.

Gawo 8: Dinani kawiri Malo aulere kupanga magawo osinthira kuti athandizire RAM ikadzaza.

Khazikitsani kukula 4096.

Khazikitsani mtundu wa magawo atsopano Pulayimale.

Khazikitsani malo a magawo atsopano Chiyambi cha danga ili.

Mu Gwiritsani ntchito ngati menyu, sankhani Malo osinthira.

Sankhani Chabwino.

Gawo 9: Tsopano popeza mwakhazikitsa dongosolo logawa, mutha kumaliza kukhazikitsa kwanu kwa Ubuntu.

Gawo 10: Sankhani malo anu.

Press Pitirizani.

Gawo 11: Lowetsani zambiri zanu.

Onjezani dzina lanu, dzina la kompyuta yanu (pangani izi), ndikusankha dzina lanu.

Mufunikanso kupanga mawu achinsinsi olowera ku Ubuntu ndi mautumiki ena a Ubuntu. Khalani otetezeka koma osavuta kukumbukira.

Mutha kusankha kulowa mu kompyuta yanu zokha kapena kufunsa mawu achinsinsi nthawi iliyonse mukamagwiritsa ntchito.

Musanyalanyaze njira ya Use Active Directory pakadali pano.

Sankhani Pitirizani.

Gawo 12: Ubuntu tsopano amaliza kukhazikitsa. Menyani Yambitsaninso tsopano unsembe ukatha.

Kuyika Ubuntu pa Windows PC FAQ

Zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kukhazikitsa Ubuntu pa Windows?

Izi zimatengera luso lanu komanso momwe mwakonzekera musanayambe. Ngati mwachita zonse zoyambira mafayilo, khalani ndi Ubuntu ISO wokonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo mwachita izi kamodzi kapena kawiri m’mbuyomu, mutha kuzikwaniritsa mu ola limodzi kapena kuposerapo. Ngati iyi ndi nthawi yanu yoyamba ndipo mukutsatira masitepe awa kamodzi ndi kamodzi kuti mutsimikize, zingakutengereni maola angapo. Komabe, musataye mtima. Izi zimakhala zofulumira komanso zosavuta mukamachita nthawi zambiri.

Kodi kugawa kwaposachedwa kwa Ubuntu ndi chiyani?

Pa nthawi yolemba kumayambiriro kwa 2024, mtundu waposachedwa wa Ubuntu ndi 23.10 (Mantic Minotaur), kumasulidwa mu October 2024. Kutulutsidwa kwaposachedwa kwa LTS kumachokera ku Aril 2024, ndipo ndi 22.04 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish).