Ngati mukufuna kusungirako mwachangu komanso kodalirika, palibe funso – muyenera kupeza SSD yolimba, ndipo ngati mutenga yabwino, ikhoza kukuthandizani kwazaka zambiri. Komabe, mwa kutanthauzira, ma SSD sakhala mpaka kalekale. Memory ya NAND flash yomwe imawapatsa mphamvu imakhala ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha kulemba ndi kufufuta, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pakapita nthawi, SSD yanu idzalephera.
Funso ndilakuti, ma SSD amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji? Kodi muyenera kuda nkhawa ndi izi mukagula, ndipo ndi zizindikiro ziti zomwe muyenera kuyang’ana? Tisanthula zonsezi ndi zina zambiri m’nkhaniyi.
Kodi ma SSD amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Pafupifupi, ma SSD ambiri amatha kugwira ntchito bwino kwa zaka zisanu mpaka 10 asanawonetse zizindikiro zakulephera. Komabe, kuyerekezera uku kungasinthe kutengera SSD yomwe ikufunsidwa. Zinthu zomwe zingatalikitse kapena kufupikitsa moyo wa SSD zikuphatikizapo mtundu wa NAND flash memory yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito, ntchito yomwe imagwira, ndi kangati (ndi molemera) ikugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pachinthu chomwe chimayang’anira kusunga zidziwitso, pali chodabwitsa chocheperako pautali wamoyo wa SSD. Ngakhale ma SSD amatha kugwira ntchito bwino mpaka zaka 10, ma SSD ambiri amalephera posachedwa kuposa pamenepo, ndipo kafukufuku waposachedwa akuti kulephera kwa SSD kumakhala kowoneka bwino ndi nthawi kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito. Nkhani yayitali: Ndibwino ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito SSD yanu tsiku lililonse. Nthawi yokhayo idzachitabe ntchito yake kaya mukuigwiritsa ntchito mopepuka kapena ayi.
Malinga ndi a kafukufuku pepala kuchokera kwa Bianca Schroeder wa University of Toronto ndi Google Raghav Lagisetty ndi Arif Merchant, NAND flash drives ali ndi mlingo wotsikirapo m’malo kuposa HDD zabwino zakale. M’masiku oyambilira a ma SSD ogula, anthu ena amati sangakhale odalirika kwambiri kuposa ma HDD, koma izi zidakhala nthano wamba ya PC. Kumbali inayi, kafukufuku yemweyo adapeza kuti ma SSD amapeza zolakwika zambiri zosalongosoka ndi midadada yoyipa kuposa ma HDD, zomwe sizimatsogolera kulephera kwathunthu. Ndi zambiri za kuwonongeka kwa nthawi.
Backblaze, kampani yosungira mitambo ndi zosunga zobwezeretsera, imagawananso zidziwitso zina zosangalatsa pa kudalirika kwa SSD pofalitsa pakati pa chaka. malipoti. Pakatikati mwa 2024, kampaniyo inali kugwiritsa ntchito ma SSD okwana 3,144 m’maseva ake osungira. Mugawo lachiwiri la 2024, mwa ma SSD 3,144 amenewo, asanu ndi atatu okha ndiwo adalephera. Kulephera kwa kampani kwapachaka (AFR) kudakwera pakati pa 0.36% ndi 1.72%.
Chomwe chilinso chosangalatsa ndichakuti Backblaze idawerengeranso zaka zakulephera kwa ma SSD ake. Mu lipoti la 2024, kampaniyo idakumana ndi ma SSD 63 omwe adalephera. Poganizira mawola amphamvu (POH), Backblaze adatsimikiza kuti zaka zapakati za SSD zinali miyezi 14 yokha. Koma deta iyi ndi yosocheretsa – zaka zambiri za SSD mu zombo zonse za Backblaze ndi miyezi 25 yokha. M’kupita kwa nthawi, zaka zapakati za SSD panthawi ya kulephera zidzawonjezeka.
Kufuna kudziwa kuti ma SSD amatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji ndikovuta kwambiri chifukwa pafupifupi phunziro limodzi lililonse limakamba za ma SSD malinga ndi malo opangira data, osati ogula. Zingakhale zovuta kuyeza nthawi yeniyeni ya moyo wa ogula SSD, kuphunzira kapena ayi, chifukwa pali zambiri kuposa nthawi, ngakhale zikuwoneka ngati nthawi imatenga gawo lalikulu.
Chinthu china choyenera kukumbukira ndi chakuti ma SSD ambiri sangalephereke. Posachedwa musintha dongosolo lanu lonse kuposa kuwona SSD ikufa. Ma SSD ena adzalephera ndipo ena sadzatero, ndipo palibe njira yosavuta yodziwira zomwe zidzachitike kwa anu.
Kodi chimathandizira ndi chiyani pa moyo wa SSD yanu?
Ngakhale moyo wa SSD ukhoza kuwoneka wovuta, SSD iliyonse ili ndi kuchuluka kwa data yomwe ingathe kuthana nayo isanathe kulephera. Tiyeni tiphwanye.
TBW, DWPD, ndi MTBF
Mukagula SSD, nthawi zambiri mumawona mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imayerekezera kuti SSD iyenera kugwira ntchito nthawi yayitali bwanji zinthu zisanapite kummwera: ma terabytes olembedwa (TBW), amalemba pagalimoto patsiku (DWPD), ndikutanthauza nthawi pakati pa zolephera (MTBF). Opanga ena amangolemba chimodzi mwazinthuzo, pomwe ena amatha kulemba onse atatu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kudziwa kuti SSD ikhoza kukhala nthawi yayitali bwanji si sayansi yeniyeni – pambuyo pake, iliyonse mwazitsulozi imatanthawuza chinthu china.
TBW ndi muyeso wa kuchuluka kwa deta yomwe ingalembedwe ku SSD yanu isanathe. Iyi ndiye metric yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri yomwe imayimira kupirira kwa SSD, koma zenizeni, ndizokayikitsa kuti mudzagunda kapuyo. Ma SSD abwino kwambiri omwe alipo pano ali ndi mavoti a TBW omwe amafika 1,200TB ndi kupitilira apo. Pongoganiza kuti mumalemba 100GB ya data pa sabata ku SSD yanu – zomwe sizingakhale zambiri pamasabata ena, koma ziyenera kukhala zochulukirapo pamasabata ambiri – TBW yanu idzatha pakatha zaka 230 zogwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza.
Mwachidule: High TBW ndi yabwino chifukwa imamasulira kupirira bwino, koma simungathe kupitirira TBW pa SSD iliyonse. Ngakhale ma drive akale okhala ndi 300TB TBW yocheperako amatha zaka ndi zaka ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino.
DWPD ndi metric ina yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyesa kupirira kwa SSD yanu. Imawonetsa kangati mphamvu yonse ya SSD imatha kulembedwa tsiku lililonse panthawi yachitetezo. Mwachitsanzo, Samsung 990 Pro 2TB imapereka chitsimikizo chazaka zisanu ndipo ili ndi mlingo wa DWPD wa 0.3. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mutha kulemba mpaka 600GB patsiku kwa zaka zisanu musanagwiritse ntchito malire onse.
MTBF, kumbali ina, ndi metric yodalirika yomwe imatanthawuza nthawi pakati pa zolephera, zoyesedwa mu maola. Mu SSD, imangoyerekeza momwe ndizotheka kuti SSD yanu idzafa pakamagwira ntchito bwino. Samsung 990 Pro yomwe tatchulayi ili ndi MTBF ya maola 1.5 miliyoni, kutanthauza kuti ikuyembekezeka kuyenda bwino kwa maola 1.5 miliyoni isanalephere. Ndizo zaka 171, zomwe, kachiwiri, ndi nambala yopenga. Mwachiwonekere, Samsung singathe kuyesa SSD kwa zaka 171 isanatumize, komabe, ndichifukwa chake MTBF imatanthawuza chiŵerengero chapakati pa nthawi yogwira ntchito ya SSDs ku chiwerengero cha SSD chomwe chinalephera. Mwanjira ina, SSD yokhala ndi MTBF ya maola 1.5 miliyoni yomwe ikuyenda 24/7 kwa chaka ili ndi mwayi wa 0.58% wolephera chaka chilichonse.
Pazinthu zonsezo, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti ndizowerengera zomwe sizikutsimikizira kuti SSD yanu ikhala nthawi yayitali. (Popanda kuthandizidwa ndi olamulira athu a robot, palibe aliyense wa ife amene adzakhalapo kuti awone zomwe zidachitikira ma SSD athu m’zaka 230, mulimonse.)
Ndikungoyerekeza, ndipo ma SSD ena adzalephera pakatha chaka pomwe ena salephera konse ndipo amangosinthidwa nthawi imodzi.
Zaka
Ma metric onse pambali, zaka za SSD yanu ndizomwe zimatsimikizira kuti ikhala nthawi yayitali bwanji. Simungathe kupitirira TBW mu SSD yamakono, koma nthawi ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kokha kungatope. Zonse zimatsikira ku kupirira kwa oxide wosanjikiza mu NAND flash memory yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu SSD, yomwe imawonongeka ndi pulogalamu iliyonse / kufufuta (P / E). Maselo a NAND muma SSD anu amakhudzidwa ndi kuzungulira kulikonse kwa P/E, ndipo pamapeto pake, amatha. Maselo ochulukirachulukira a NAND akatha, kuthekera kwa SSD yanu kusunga zidziwitso kudzachepa.
Kuyendetsa pansi pakugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kumakhala kosavuta kutha posachedwa, koma tsiku lina, SSD idzatha mwanjira ina. Ma SSD ambiri amabwera ndi chitsimikizo chochepa cha zaka zitatu kapena zisanu – zina zonse zili ndi mwayi ndikugwiritsa ntchito.
Mtundu wa NAND flash memory
Chifukwa china chomwe chimakhala chovuta kuwerengera nthawi yayitali ya SSD ndikuti palibe mtundu wapadziko lonse wa SSD womwe ungatchulidwe. Kutengera ndi kukumbukira kwa NAND flash komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mu SSD inayake, ikhoza kukhala ndi kuchuluka kapena kutsika komwe kumanenedweratu pamalembedwe.
Mawu akuti NAND amatanthauza mtundu wosasinthika wa kukumbukira kwa flash komwe kumapitilira kusunga deta yanu ngakhale mutazimitsa PC yanu. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yosiyana ndi RAM, yomwe imakhala yosasunthika ndipo siyisunga deta iliyonse mukatuluka tsikulo. NAND ndi yomwe imasiyanitsanso ma SSD ndi ma HDD, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito maginito ozungulira kuti asunge deta, zomwe zimawapangitsa kuti azichedwetsa komanso kuti aziwonongeka kwambiri.
Mitundu ya NAND flash memory mu SSD ndi:
- SLC (Selo limodzi): Mtundu uwu wa NAND umangowoneka m’mabizinesi a SSD, monga omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m’malo opangira data. Imangosunga chidziwitso chimodzi pa selo iliyonse, kupangitsa kubweza deta mwachangu, ndipo kupirira kwake kumakhala kopitilira muyeso pafupifupi 100,000 P/E (malinga ndi Kingston).
- MLC (Maselo ambiri): Ngakhale dzinalo limatanthawuza kuti mtundu uwu wa NAND umasunga ma bits angapo pa selo, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ma bits awiri pa selo. Kuchulukana kwa data kumatanthawuza kuti ndizosavuta kupanga zazikulu, koma zimangovoteredwa kuti zipitirire 10,000 P/E. Ma MLC SSD a Consumer-grade atha kukhala ndi kupirira kochepa, ngakhale.
- TLC (maselo a magawo atatu): Munaganiza – kukumbukira kwamtunduwu kumasunga ma bits atatu pa selo. Uwu ndiye mtundu wotchuka kwambiri wa NAND mu ma SSD ogula pakali pano, wokhala ndi crossover yabwino pakati pa magwiridwe antchito, mtengo, ndi kulimba. Imatha kugwira ma 3,000 P/E kuzungulira.
- QLC (Maselo a Quad-level): QLC NAND imasunga magawo anayi a data pa selo iliyonse, ndikuwonjezera kachulukidwe kasungidwe pamtengo wokwanira kupirira, ndi ma cycle 1,000 P/E okha.
Opanga ena adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira yotchedwa 3D NAND, kukulitsa kachulukidwe ndikusunga mphamvu popanda kupanga SSD yokhayo yayikulu. Tekinoloje iyi itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mtundu uliwonse wa NAND, kuchokera ku SLC kupita ku QLC. Zolemba zina za SSD zimangolemba “3D NAND” osatchula mtundu wake, koma ngati mukumba mozama, zambirizo zitha kupezeka patsamba la wopanga.
Ma SSD ambiri masiku ano amabwera ndi TLC NAND, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala otsika mtengo, koma osakhazikika.
Zizindikiro za kulephera kwa SSD
Ngati SSD yanu ikulephera, nthawi zambiri imakhala yosavuta kuwona. Kwa zaka zambiri, ndangowona SSD imodzi ikulephera isanasinthidwe, koma zinali zomveka ngati tsiku. Kompyutayo idatsika mpaka kufika pamlingo wosapiririka, kotero kuti kuyambitsa Chrome kudatenga mphindi 30. Kuyang’ana Task Manager kunawulula kuti diski ikugwira ntchito pa 100% ngakhale palibe chomwe chidatsegulidwa. Mwamwayi, ndinatha kugwira izi ndisanabwerere ndikupeza detayo ndisanachotse SSDyo.
Nazi zizindikiro zina zomwe muyenera kuyang’anitsitsa:
- Zowonongeka pafupipafupi, makamaka panthawi ya boot
- SSD ikusintha kuti ikhale yowerengera-yokha
- Zolakwika pafupipafupi pamafayilo
- Kuchita pang’onopang’ono
- Kuwonongeka kwa data
- Zithunzi za Blue Screen of Imfa (BSOD)
- Amaundana komanso osayankha
- Zolakwa za SMART, monga zidziwitso za midadada yoyipa kapena magawo omwe adatumizidwanso
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti kutaya SSD kungawononge ndalama zanu zonse. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuthandizira ndikofunikira, komanso kuyesa SSD yanu nthawi ndi nthawi kuti muwone ngati ikulephera ndi lingaliro labwino. Ndi bwino kuchita musanayambe zindikirani zizindikiro za kulephera, monga izi zingakupatseni nthawi kusamutsa deta yanu kwina ndi kugula m’malo pagalimoto.
