Ngati mukugula ma primo earbuds atsopano, zoyankhulira za Bluetooth, kapena zida zina zingapo, ndizotheka kuti kukana madzi, thukuta, ndi fumbi ndichinthu chomwe mukuchiganizira. Mwina mukufuna kuyeserera ndi zotchingira m’makutu zanu ndipo mukuda nkhawa kuti thukuta liziononga, kapena mukukhala ndi tsiku la gombe ndipo mukufuna kuonetsetsa kuti wokamba nkhani wanu amatha kugwira mchenga komanso ngakhale kumiza pang’ono.
Mukusaka kwanu, mwina mwakumanapo ndi code yachinsinsi yomwe imawoneka ngati iyi: IPXY, pomwe X ndi/kapena Y nthawi zina amasinthidwa ndi manambala, mwachitsanzo IPX5. Izi zimatchedwa kuti IP rating. Opanga nthawi zambiri amaponya mawuwa muzofotokozera zawo nthawi ina ngati muyeso wa momwe zinthu zawo zimatsukira madzi ndi fumbi.
Koma kodi manambalawa amatanthauza chiyani, ndipo amagwira ntchito bwanji pakugwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku? Ngati mukuyang’ana mahedifoni atsopano osambira kapena masewera amadzi, ndiye kuti izi zikugwirani ntchito kwa inu. Mwamwayi, ife tiri pano kuti tikuthandizeni kuthyola kachidindo ndi kufotokozera pang’onopang’ono kwa izi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, koma kawirikawiri sizimafotokoza zaukadaulo wamadzi ndi fumbi.
Kodi IP ndi IPX ndi chiyani?
IP, IPX, kapena IPXY zonse ndizomwe zimatsimikizira kuti chinthucho chingalepheretse zolimba ndi zamadzimadzi kulowa, ndikuwononga zida zanu zamagetsi. Mwalamulo, IP imayimira chizindikiro cha “Chitetezo Chapadziko Lonse” chifukwa mulingo udapangidwa ndikusungidwa ndi a International Electrotechnical Commission. Koma nthawi zambiri amatchedwa Ingress Protection. Manambala awiri omwe amatsatira zilembo za IP akuwonetsa mtundu wa chitetezo chomwe mungayembekezere.
X ndiye mulingo woteteza zolimba / fumbi, kuyambira ziro mpaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, pomwe zero zikutanthauza kuti palibe chitetezo chilichonse ndipo zisanu ndi chimodzi zimatanthauza kuti ndife opanda fumbi: palibe fumbi lomwe lingalowe konse, ngakhale litawonekera kwa maola asanu ndi atatu. Chifukwa zida zochepa zogulira zidapangidwa kuti zisatuluke fumbi (mwina, sizinthu zomwe anthu amafunikira nthawi zambiri), gawo ili la IP nthawi zambiri limasiyidwa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri timawona X pambuyo pa IP, mwachitsanzo IPX5 – zikutanthauza kuti palibe kuvotera kwa gawo lolimba la ingress.
Y ndiye mulingo woteteza zakumwa kuchokera ku ziro mpaka zisanu ndi zitatu, pomwe zero zikutanthauza kuti palibe chitetezo chilichonse ndipo eyiti zikutanthauza kuti imatha kupirira kumizidwa m’madzi, nthawi zambiri mpaka kuya kwa 3 metres, kwa mphindi zosachepera 30. Mwaukadaulo, pali gawo lachisanu ndi chinayi la chitetezo chamadzi, koma sichimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi. Palibe mulingo wa “X” woteteza madzi, kotero simudzawona IP code ikufotokozedwa ngati IP2X, mwachitsanzo – ingakhale IP20 ngati palibe chitetezo chamadzi.
Osadandaula, tili ndi ma chart kumunsi omwe amafotokoza zonse bwino ngati mukufuna kuyang’ana chitetezo chapadera.
Ndi kukana kotani komwe kuli koyenera kwa ine?
Ngati mumaganizira kale kuti IP68 ndiye yabwino kwambiri yomwe mungapeze kuti mutetezedwe ku fumbi ndi zakumwa, zikomo, mwangoyankha mafunso oyamba! Koma pakati pa IP00 ndi IP68, pali mitundu yambiri, ndiye tiyeni tiwone zitsanzo zenizeni.
IPX2
Ndi IPX2, chipangizo chanu chimatha kupirira kudontha kwamadzi pang’ono osawonongeka. Popeza ambiri aife sitimayika zida zathu pansi pa mipope yotayikira nthawi zambiri, kwenikweni, izi zimatanthawuza “zopanda thukuta.” Makutu am’makutu a Samsung Galaxy Buds FE, mwachitsanzo, adavotera IPX2, kutanthauza kuti ndi otetezeka kuti azitha thukuta la kulimbitsa thupi kwanu kapena kuthamanga, komanso mwina mvula yopepuka. Koma musayese kutsuka makutu awa pansi pamadzi – ndi bwino kuwapukuta ndi nsalu yonyowa.
IPX4
IPX4 imapereka chitetezo chokwanira kumadzi akuthwa. Kumbukirani, uku sikutchinga madzi – simuyenera kuthira zinthu za IPX4 m’madzi – koma ndi chitetezo chabwino kwambiri pakulimbitsa thupi kopitilira muyeso kapena kuthamanga kwanthawi yayitali nyengo yoyipa. Zomverera m’makutu zambiri, kaya zili opanda zingwe kapena zamawaya, zoyang’ana m’makutu zimakhala zovoteledwa ndi IPX4 ndipo siziyenera kukhala ndi vuto ndikugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi panthawiyi. Makutu am’mutu a Anker a Soundcore Liberty 4 NC adavotera IPX4. Apanso, musamize zinthu izi.
IPX6
IPX6 imakhudzidwa ndi chitetezo ku majeti amadzi amphamvu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mutha kuwasambitsa popanda zotsatira zoyipa, koma musazolowere. Osawayika pansi pamadzi – osapita kukasambira kapena kuyembekezera kuti apulumuka mwangozi atakumana ndi mbale ya chimbudzi.
IPX7/8
Ngati ndinu klutz wathunthu ndipo mumadziwika kuti mumagwetsa foni yanu, kamera, kapena kuwonera m’madzi m’nyumba ndi kunja, musagwirizane ndi IPX7. Izi zidzateteza chida chanu ku kerplunks mwangozi mita imodzi yamadzi mpaka mphindi 30, pomwe IPX8 imalola nthawi yodzitchinjiriza nthawi yomweyo m’madzi akuya (ndi kuya kwake komwe kukuyenera kufotokozedwa ndi wopanga).
Oyankhula a Bluetooth opangidwira madzi adzavotera IPX7 osachepera, monga Soundcore Motion 300, yomwe mungathe kupita nayo mu dziwe popanda kuda nkhawa. Zambiri mwazosankha zathu zapamwamba za owerenga e-book zilinso ndi ma X7 kapena X8. Mndandanda wa iPhone 15 ndi Samsung Galaxy S24 onse adavotera IP68, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti palibe fumbi lomwe lidzalowemo, ndipo madzi azikhala ndi nthawi yovuta, nawonso. Mankhwalawa amatha kutsukidwa bwino pansi pamadzi oyenda bwino, koma nthawi zonse tsatirani malangizo a wopanga.
Kukana madzi ndi manambala
Mukufuna kupeza ukadaulo? Izi ndi zomwe manambala a IP osakanizidwa ndi madzi amatanthauza, 1 mpaka 9. Mudzawona kuti malongosoledwewa ndi ogwirizana kwambiri ndi labu chifukwa amapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuyesa kukana uku mu labotale. Zotsatira zenizeni padziko lapansi sizotsimikizika, koma awa ndi malangizo othandiza.
Chitetezo ku
X Palibe deta yomwe ilipo 0 Palibe 1 Kutetezedwa ku madontho amadzi akugwa 2 Kutetezedwa ku madontho amadzi akugwa pansi pomwe mpanda umapendekeka mpaka madigiri 15 3 Kutetezedwa ku “kupopera” madzi pamakona ofika madigiri 60 mbali zonse 4 Kutetezedwa ku ” kuthira madzi kuchokera mbali iliyonse 5 Kutetezedwa ku “jeti zamadzi” kuchokera kumbali iliyonse 6 Kutetezedwa ku “jeti zamadzi” zamphamvu 7 Kutetezedwa ku zotsatira za “kumiza kwakanthawi” m’madzi 8 Kutetezedwa ku zotsatira za “kumiza mosalekeza” m’madzi 9 Kutetezedwa motsutsana ndi “kuthamanga kwambiri ndi kutentha” majeti amadzi
Kumizidwa kwamadzi ndi manambala
Kuti mugwiritse ntchito kwenikweni pansi pamadzi, komwe mungatengere chinthu chosambira kapena kulowa pansi pamadzi, muyenera kuyang’ana mavoti a osambira motengera muyezo wa ISO 6425 (osati mulingo wa IP) wamawotchi a osambira. Zogulitsazi zimayesedwa payekhapayekha ndipo ziyenera kuchita mozama zomwe ndi 25% kuzama kuposa nambala yomwe idanenedwa pamayimba. Mawotchi okhala ndi mavoti awa amatsimikiziridwa ndi wopanga kuti azitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza pakuya uku kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso amatha kuthana ndi kusintha kwamphamvu komwe kumatsagana ndi kutsika ndi kukwera kuchokera kuya pamenepo.
Kuyenerera
Ndemanga
Madzi Osagwira 3 atm kapena 30 metres Oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Kupanda mvula/kupanda mvula.
Ayi zoyenera kusamba, kusamba, kusambira, kukwera panyanja, ntchito yokhudzana ndi madzi, usodzi, ndi kudumpha pansi. Kusagwira Madzi 5 atm kapena 50 metres Yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, kusamba, kusamba, kusambira m’madzi osaya, kukwera pamadzi, ntchito yokhudzana ndi madzi, usodzi. Kupanda mvula/kupanda mvula.
Ayi oyenera kudumpha pansi. Kulimbana ndi Madzi 10 atm kapena 100 metres Oyenera kusewera mafunde osangalatsa, kusambira, kukwera pamadzi, kuyenda panyanja, komanso masewera am’madzi.
Ayi oyenera kudumpha pansi. Water Resistant 20 atm kapena 200 metres Yoyenera kuchita masewera apanyanja, masewera olimbitsa thupi apamadzi, ndikudumphira pakhungu. Oyenera kuvina pakhungu. Diver’s 100 metres Minimum ISO standard (ISO 6425) posambira mozama mozama ayi oyenera kudumphira m’madzi. Mawotchi a Diver a mamita 100 ndi 150 nthawi zambiri amakhala akale. Diver’s 200 metres kapena 300 metres Oyenera kusefukira pansi pakuya ayi oyenera kudumphira m’madzi. Makonda amawotchi amasiku ano osambira. Diver’s 300-plus metres podumphira gasi wosakanizika Oyenera kudumphira m’madzi (malo opangidwa ndi helium). Mawotchi opangidwa kuti azidumphira gasi wosakanikirana adzakhala ndi DIVER’S WATCH xxx M FOR MIXED-GAS DIING DIING zowonjezera chizindikiro kuti muwonetse izi.
Kukana fumbi ndi manambala
Sitinakambiranebe za kukana fumbi panobe: Ndi mulingo wosavuta womwe ndi wosavuta kuumvetsetsa komanso wothandiza kwambiri kwa iwo omwe amatengera zida zawo m’chilengedwe kapena pamalo ogwirira ntchito pomwe kuipitsidwa ndi fumbi ndikotheka. Ngati chipangizo chanu chili ndi manambala pamalo achitatu a IP, izi ndi zomwe zikutanthauza.
Chitetezo ku
X Palibe deta 0 Palibe 1 Wotetezedwa ku zinthu zolimba zakunja za 50mm ndi zazikulu 2 Zotetezedwa kuzinthu zolimba zakunja za 12.5mm ndi zazikulu 3 Zotetezedwa kuzinthu zolimba zakunja za 2.5mm ndi zazikulu 4 Zotetezedwa kuzinthu zolimba zakunja za 1.0mm ndi zazikulu 5 Wotetezedwa ndi fumbi 6 Wopanda fumbi
Kusiyanitsa pakati pa fumbi lotetezedwa ndi fumbi kumawoneka ngati kosamveka, koma nthawi zambiri, kulimba kwa fumbi ndizovuta kwambiri zomwe zimakhudza fumbi, kutuluka kwa mpweya, kuwonekera kwa nthawi yayitali, ndi zisindikizo za vacuum.
FAQ pa kuletsa madzi
Ngati chinthu chili IPX8, kodi zikutanthauza kuti ndi yabwinonso kwa IPX1-7?
Osati kwenikweni. Mulingo uliwonse wa chitetezo cha IPX ukhoza kukhala ngati muyezo wake, womwe ndi wofunikira pakulekanitsa kusiyana pakati pa chitetezo ku jeti lamadzi kuchokera kumakona osiyanasiyana motsutsana ndi kulowa ndi kumizidwa m’madzi. Nthawi zina mumathamangira mahedifoni kapena zomvera m’makutu zomwe zimanena ngati “IPX5/7,” zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amapereka mawonekedwe amtundu wa X5 komanso chitetezo cha kumizidwa cha X7. Komabe, zida zitha kungopereka manambala apamwamba kwambiri a IP kuti asapange chisokonezo.
Kodi madzi kapena fumbi zimaononga chitsimikiziro changa cha zinthu zomwe zili ndi IP?
Opanga atha kuwonjezera mafotokozedwe awo enieni kapena zoletsa zomwe mungayang’ane kuti mudziwe zambiri. Izi zikuphatikizanso chenjezo lomwe lingachitike. Mwachitsanzo, Apple imanena mwachindunji kuti kuwonongeka kwamadzi sikukuphimbidwa pansi pa chitsimikizo komanso kuti kukana kumatha kuchepa pakapita nthawi chifukwa cha kung’ambika – komanso kumalimbikitsa ogwiritsa ntchito kupewa kusefera pa iPhone, kusefukira, mu sauna, ndi zina zambiri.
Kodi IPX8 kapena X9 ikutanthauza kuti ilibe madzi?
Ayi. Mawu akuti “kusalowa madzi” ndi abwino kwambiri osati kungoyerekezera kwenikweni. Chinthu chopanda madzi chingakhale chomwe sichimalora madzi kulowa muzochitika zilizonse. Chifukwa sizikhala choncho kawirikawiri, timakonda kulankhula zambiri za kukana madzi. IPX7/8 ndi mavoti oti chipangizocho chikhalebe ndi moyo pambuyo pomizidwa kwakanthawi kochepa kapena mwangozi m’madzi – sizomwe zikuwonetsa kuti chinthu chanu chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza pansi pamadzi.
M’malo mwake, ngakhale mukamawona zinthu (nthawi zambiri mawotchi) omwe ali ndi chizindikiro chokana madzi (WR), mwachitsanzo 30M, chimenecho sichitsimikiziranso kuti ipulumuka m’madzi. Pokhapokha ngati tanenedweratu, zinthuzi sizimayesedwa payekhapayekha, ndipo chinthu chimodzi chokha chachitsanzo chatsopano chimafunika kuti munthu ayesetse kumiza m’madzi kuti wotchi iliyonse yapangidweyo ikhale ndi chizindikiro cha WR.
Izi zikunenedwa, zinthu zina zimapangidwira kuti zizimizidwa m’madzi pafupipafupi, monga mawotchi odumphira m’madzi, okamba ma Bluetooth akunja, ndi mahedifoni osambira. Madzi amatha kuwonongabe zidazi chifukwa zimawonongeka ndi kuwonongeka, koma amapangidwa poganizira zakugwiritsa ntchito madzi kwambiri.
Nanga bwanji ngati malonda anga alibe ma IP?
Mwina mwazindikira kale kuti zida zambiri zimatha kupulumuka mukakumana ndi madzi kapena fumbi, ngakhale sizibwera ndi IP kuchokera kwa wopanga. Pali mwayi wabwino kuti mwakhala mukuthamanga ndi thukuta pang’ono ndi ma Apple AirPod anu omwe sanavotere, kuwafafaniza, ndipo simunakhale ndi vuto lililonse. Nthawi zina chifukwa cha mapangidwe abwino, ndipo nthawi zina, ndi mwayi. Chiyerekezo cha IP ndicho chizindikiro chanu chokhacho chowona kuti wopanga adapanga chinthucho kuti chizigwira ntchito motere. Koma kumbukirani – si chitsimikizo. Nthawi zonse yang’anani chitsimikizo cha malonda anu pazomwe zili ndi zomwe sizinaphimbidwe.
Nanga bwanji ngati pali chilembo chowonjezera pamlingo wa IP?
Nthawi zina, kalata yowonjezera imagwiritsidwa ntchito posonyeza chinthu china chofunika kwambiri pa chipangizocho. Izi sizodziwika pazida zamawu, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosavuta. Koma ngati muwona, mwachitsanzo, “W” pa IP rating, zikutanthauza kuti idavotera nyengo. “F” amatanthauza kuti chinthucho chimakhala ndi kukana mafuta, “M” amatanthauza kuti chipangizocho chinayesedwa chikuyenda m’madzi m’malo moima, ndi zina zotero. Zowonjezera izi nthawi zambiri zimapezeka pazinthu zamalonda ndi mafakitale.
Nanga bwanji ngati pali nambala yowonjezera pamlingo wa IP?
Izi sizichitikanso, ngakhale mutha kukumana nazo pazida zakale. Nambala yowonjezera imasonyeza kusagwirizana ndi makina, monga kugwetsa chipangizo pansi. Itha kuchoka pa 1 mpaka 10, ndi 10 kukhala yotsutsa kwambiri komanso malo otsika kwambiri. Izi zidasunthidwa pamlingo wake wa IK nthawi yapitayo, ndipo mitundu yambiri imagwiritsa ntchito kuyesa kwa asitikali m’malo mwake.
